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Teachers’ and parents’ attitudes towards inclusion of pupils with a first language other than the language of instruction

KAST, Julia
SCHWAB, Susanne
2020

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Due to the rising linguistic heterogeneity in schools, the inclusion of pupils with a first language other than the language of instruction is one of the major challenges of education systems all over the world. In this paper, attitudes of in-service teachers, pre-service teachers and parents towards the inclusion of pupils with a first language other than the language of instruction are examined. Additionally, as the paper focused on how the participants perceive the development of this pupils in different school settings (fully included, partly included, fully segregated).


Data from 1501 participants were investigated. Descriptive results showed that pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards the inclusive schooling of pupils with different language skills in composite classes were rather positive, while attitudes of in-service teachers and parents rather tend to be neutral. Regarding the results concerning the participants’ attitudes towards the pupils’ development in different school settings, all three sub-groups belief that pupils with German as first language would develop in a more positive way, compared to pupils without German as first language. Moreover, the migration background of pre-service teachers and parents had a positive influence on the participants’ attitudes.
 

The impact of special education resources and the general and the special education teacher’s competence on pupil mathematical achievement gain in inclusive classrooms

OPITZ, Elisabeth Moser
SCHNEPEL, Susanne
KRÄHENMANN, Helena
JANDL, Sarah
FELDER, Franziska
DESSEMONTET, Rachel Sermier
2020

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Research in inclusive settings is complicated by the nested relationships between the general education teacher (GET), the special education teacher (SET) and pupils. In this study, the impact of SET resource and selected variables of teacher competence (professional mathematical knowledge SET, attitude towards inclusion GET, classroom management GET) on the mathematical achievement gain of typically developing pupils (TYP) and pupils with intellectual disability (ID) was examined. Mathematical achievement was tested at the beginning of the school year (t1) and the end (t2) in 34 inclusive classrooms (sample ID: n = 42; sample TYP n = 525). IQ and gender – and the average mathematical achievement at class level in the sample TYP – were included as control variables. For pupils with ID, hierarchical regression modelling revealed that the mathematical knowledge at t1 explained most of the variance in mathematical achievement gain. For the group TYP, the results of a multi-level analysis showed that mathematical knowledge at t1, IQ and the average mathematical achievement at class level all had a positive effect on mathematical achievement gain. The more hours a SET was present in the classroom, the more the mathematical achievement of the group TYP increased. The other teacher competence variables had no apparent impact.

Pre-Primary and Primary Inclusive Education for Tanzania (PPPIET) – Foundation phase : Desk Review presented by the Task Team February 2020

JUDGE, Emma
August 2020

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The Disability Inclusive Development (DID) consortium is working together on the Pre-Primary and Primary Inclusive Education in Tanzania (PPPIET) programme whose ultimate goal is to foster quality sustainable inclusive education for all children with disabilities (CWD) at scale across Tanzania in mainstream pre-primary and primary government schools.  To achieve this, it aims to support collective, coordinated systems change by establishing an agreed common model of basic inclusive pre-primary and primary education in mainstream government schools, and galvanising significant progress in spreading its systematic implementation for all CWD across Tanzania over six years.

 

This task requires the cooperation of government, civil society and DPOs to achieve real change.  No single organisation or government department can achieve inclusive education on its own.  Cooperation between all government ministries, including education, health, finance and social welfare are key to providing individual support to learners with disabilities.  Pooling the skills and resources, and exchanging learnings to achieve quality inclusive education of children can help all involved.  Working together will build collective commitment and action, not just amongst DID consortium members but also across government, donors, education actors and the private sector. 

 

The first part in this process was for the Task Team to conduct a desk review to establish an overview of the current educational context with regards to children with disabilities, including legislative, policies and practice, inclusive education strategies, disability contexts, cultural perspective, interventions, existing assessment and quality assurance processes, and opportunities and challenges. 

State of the Education Report for India 2019: Children with disabilities

RAMCHAND, Mythili
et al
July 2019

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The past twenty years in India have seen significant legal and political commitments towards universalization of education and the right to education. This report documents the considerable effort undertaken in the country to protect the right to education of children with disabilities (CWD) and outlines what remains to be done to achieve its full realization. 

The report is based on extensive research of national and international literature and attempts to provide comprehensive information on the current status of education of CWDs, evidence of achievements and continuing concerns. It extensively draws upon a series of thematic research studies between 2017 and 2018. 

The report has taken a participatory approach with contributions, in the form of case studies, from specialists and those working directly in the field. 

What do I think about inclusive education? It depends on who is asking. Experimental evidence for a social desirability bias in attitudes towards inclusion

LÜKE, Timo
GROSCHE, Michael
2017

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Recently, research has focused on attitudes towards inclusive education, and the majority of studies use questionnaires to measure this vital variable. In two consecutive experiments, we showed that attitudes towards inclusive education are not stable but instead are significantly influenced by social context. We manipulated information on the organisation conducting a survey regarding attitudes of participants towards inclusive education. The results show that the attitude of the organisation conducting the survey – as perceived by the participant – outperforms well- documented variables (e.g. sex, age, and contact to a person with disability) in predicting the attitudes of the participant towards inclusion. This one variable explains as much variance as all other predictors combined. We argue that social desirability is a neglected issue in research on attitudes towards inclusive education. Our findings challenge the validity of numerous studies on this topic because they show a positive bias in the attitudes of participants when they were surveyed by a university. Thus, we outline the first steps to reduce social desirability-induced validity problems in research on attitudes towards inclusion.

Toolkit for understanding and challenging leprosy related stigma for Civil Society Organisations in India

JOY, Anish
et al
2017

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This toolkit is intended primarily for use by CSO's at the community level in India for use with field workers and local governments for challenging stigma and discrimination against people affected by leprosy/disabilities. The toolkit uses simple activities and pictures and is based on a participatory approach which requires active involvement of the group being trained. There are 6 modules:

What is leprosy

What is stigma

How we stigmatise others

How it feels to be stigmatised

Understanding human rights

Action towards inclusion

There are 10 appendices providing supporting information for the toolkit  

Belonging and connection of school students with disability

ROBINSON, Dr. Sally
TRUSCOTT, Julia
February 2014

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All students want to feel like they belong and that they are valued in their school community. School is a centrally important place to young people — not only where they learn fundamental academic knowledge, but also where skills in making and keeping friends, relating to peers, and social justice principles are learnt and practiced. What happens when young people feel like they don’t belong?

 

This paper examines a series of key issues about belonging and connection for students with disability and demonstrates research that shows:

• Feeling a sense of belonging and connection makes a positive difference to school life

•There are a number of key elements to belonging and connection — friendship, peer acceptance, capability, being valued and supportive relationships with key adults

• When belonging and connection are threatened, there are several areas in which the impact is seen. The friendships of students are limited; they are lonely; the places they can go within the school are controlled; there are tensions in negotiating support relationships; students feel and are excluded; and kid’s strengths aren’t seen by other students or adults in their school communities

• Bullying is a particularly strong threat to a felt sense of belonging and connection

Equal right, equal opportunity – Inclusive education for children with disabilities

WALKER, Jo
2013

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This report synthesises current evidence on the policy responses which can help bring down the common barriers faced by disabled children in gaining a quality education, across seven inter-dependent strategies – from the family, local communities and national government, through to the international community. 

 

The strategies are: create appropriate legislative frameworks, and set out ambitious national plans for inclusion; provide the capacity, resources and leadership to implement ambitious national plans on inclusion; improve data on disability and education, and build accountability for action; make schools and classrooms accessible and relevant for all; ensure there are enough appropriately trained teachers for all; challenge attitudes which reinforce and sustain discrimination; create an enabling environment to support inclusive education, including through cross-sectoral policies and strategies that reduce exclusion.

 

Actions to be taken by national governments to achieve these strategies are presented.

 

Case studies in India, Italy, Ethopia, Bolivia, Bangladesh, Mozambique, Gambia, Burkino Faso and Palestine are provided.

 

 

Understanding and challenging TB stigma : toolkit for action | Introduction to TB and stigma | More understanding and less fear about TB

KIDD, Ross
et al
March 2009

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"The module was written by and for trainers. It has been designed to help trainers plan and organise participatory educational sessions with community leaders or organised groups to raise awareness and promote practical action to challenge HIV and TB stigma and discrimination." It can be used as a stand alone resource or in conjunction with the modules on understanding and challenging HIV stigma

Our future : Preparing to teach sexuality and life-skills|An awareness training manual for teachers and community workers

INTERNATIONAL HIV/AIDS ALLIANCE
January 2008

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The activities in the manual will strengthen teachers' understanding of sexuality, gender, sexual and reproductive health and HIV and AIDS as well as the self-awareness, values and skills that play an effective role in HIV prevention, care and mitigation in their schools and the community. This includes providing supportive, positive role-models, creating a safe environment, reducing stigma and discrimination and teaching sexuality and life skills effectively

Behind the pandemic : uncovering the links between social inequity and HIV/AIDS

DE PAUW, Lia
2007

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This is an education toolkit which takes an exploratory and participatory approach to helping improve people's understanding about international HIV and AIDS issues and the links between HIV and AIDS and social inequity and poverty. There are three modules: Background and Basics, a Global HIV Pandemic Simulation, and Moving Into Action: Stopping the Pandemic. It also contains an extensive information section and instructions for leading the sessions

Understanding and challenging HIV stigma : toolkit for action. Introducation and module A : naming the problem

KIDD, Ross
CLAY, Sue
CHIIYA, Chipo
2007

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This toolkit was written for and by HIV trainers in Africa. It has been designed to help trainers plan and organise educational sessions with community leaders or organised groups to raise awareness and promote practical action to challenge HIV stigma and discrimination. Building on the original toolkit, it includes experience of the International HIV/AIDS Alliance’s Regional Stigma Training Project, which has introduced the toolkit to many countries in Africa through a training of trainers and networking process. At a regional workshop in Zambia in August 2005, members of this network helped to review the toolkit and make changes and additions

Engaging faith-based organizations in HIV prevention : a training mannual for programme managers

UNITED NATIONS POPULATON FUND (UNFPA)
2007

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This manual is a capacity-building tool to help policy makers and programmers identify, design and follow up on HIV prevention programmes undertaken by faith-based organisations (FBOs). It can also be used by development practitioners partnering with FBOs to increase their understanding of the role of FBOs in HIV prevention, and to design plans for partnering with FBOs to halt the spread of the virus. The manual explores how religious values and the power of religious leaders to mobilise communities can be used to design effective and sustainable community programmes to address HIV, and it explains how to involve religious leaders in programmes to eliminate the stigma and discrimination often directed to people living with HIV and how to encourage community support and solidarity using the compassionate spirit of religion. It also outlines the key HIV prevention messages that religious leaders can promote and the skills they need to deliver them effectively. The second part of the book is a powerpoint presentation for use by trainers

UNESCO guidelines on language and content in HIV- and AIDS-related materials

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)
January 2006

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This document contains guidelines on the use of language and content in HIV- and AIDS-related documents and contexts. As stigma and discrimination are often attached to the disease, the use of culturally-sensitive and appropriate terminology and ethical considerations in the production of materials are vital. Contains seven tables addressing commonly used terminology; stigmatising terms and expressions; culturally sensitive language; precision and differentiation of certain terms; cultural issues and practices; audio and visual content. Table 5 presents some specific examples. Each problematic term or approach is briefly discussed and provided with an alternative/preferred substitute. These guidelines are an essential tool for anyone working in the field of HIV and AIDS

Reducing stigma related to HIV and AIDS : training for health care workers

ENGENDERHEALTH
2004

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This manual suggests that the stigma and discrimination around HIV & AIDS in health facilities has various causes including a lack of knowledge and understanding among staff about the modes and risk of HIV transmission and judgemental attitudes and assumptions about the way of life of people with HIV. It uses participatory training methodologies to modify health care workers' attitudes while giving them practical knowledge and tools to assure client rights and meet their own needs for a safe working environment. It suggests a 2-day training schedule to cover the 16 sessions offered

Understanding and challenging HIV stigma : toolkit for action

KIDD, Ross
CLAY, Sue
September 2003

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This toolkit was designed for NGOs, community groups and HIV educators to raise awareness and promote actions to challenge HIV stigma and discrimination. Based on research in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia, the toolkit contains more than 125 exercises. In addition to these exercises there is a supplementary volume of further activities to support the toolkit. The toolkit is developed to support participatory learning and encourages participants to move from awareness to action. Organisations are encouraged to pick modules and exercises that fit their needs or to integrate exercises into an existing training programme

Comprehensive counseling for reproductive health : an integrated curriculum. Trainers' manual

ENGENDERHEALTH
2003

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Developed by EngenderHealth, this curriculum is designed to prepare all levels of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) providers to use communication and counseling skills to assess and address clients' comprehensive SRH needs. It introduces the concept of integrated SRH counseling - a two-way interaction between a client and a provider to assess and address the client's overall SRH needs, regardless of what health service he or she is working within or what services the client has requested. The curriculum trains providers to focus on the client as a whole person and to consider factors both inside and outside the clinic that influence a client's SRH decision-making. The trainer's manual consists of an introduction to trainers, a detailed curriculum with session guides and a series of appendicies containing additional materials

Comprehensive counseling for reproductive health : an integrated curriculum. Participant's handbook

ENGENDERHEALTH
2003

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Developed by EngenderHealth, this curriculum is designed to prepare all levels of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) providers to use communication and counseling skills to assess and address clients' comprehensive SRH needs. It introduces the concept of integrated SRH counseling - a two-way interaction between a client and a provider to assess and address the client's overall SRH needs, regardless of what health service he or she is working within or what services the client has requested. The curriculum trains providers to focus on the client as a whole person and to consider factors both inside and outside the clinic that influence a client's SRH decision-making. The participant's handbook provides information on the principles and approaches of client-centred communications related to SRH and further details the role of providers in creating a good climate for communication, assisting clients in making good decisions and helping clients follow through on their decisions. The handbook also includes relevant worksheets

Counseling and communicating with men

ENGENDERHEALTH
2003

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Focuses on strengthening service providers' ability to interact with, communicate with, and counsel men (with or without their partners) on reproductive health issues. Topics include counseling and communication approaches, provider biases toward and against men that may need to be addressed, and effective communication and counselling techniques. The participant's handbook is intended for use by health care staff who participate in a training workshop, and can be used both during the course and as reference material after the course is over. The trainer's resource book is intended for use by skilled, experienced trainers, and provides guidance, suggestions, and training activities to be used to teach the content of the training course

Happy ever afters : a storybook guide to teaching children about disability

SAUNDERS, Kathy
2000

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This books gives a framework for examining children's fiction for out-dated or erroneous portrayals of disability. This book: explains how certain familiar storybooks can be interpreted to highlight major disability awareness concepts; suggests how these can be used to promote discussion about disability with children, for early years to adolescence; shows how to identify texts which create misleading ideas about disability; indicates how disability interests can be included in a number of curriculum areas

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