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The definition and measurement of disability : the work of the Washington Group (continued)

MONT, Daniel
November 2006

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This presentation presents three methods of disability data collection: one method that highlights cognitive testing undertaken in 15 countries to ensure validity and to better understand how questions operate; another method which field tested the Washington Group questions versus extended questions in two countries to ensure internal consistency; and a SINTEF study in Zambia. It concludes with specific recommendations about disability data collection. It would be useful for people interested in the definition and measurement of disability

Danger signs of neonatal illnesses : perceptions of caregivers and health workers in northern India

AWASTHI, Shally
VERMA, Tuhina
AGARWAL, Monica
October 2006

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This article explores the "household practices that can affect neonatal health, from the perspective of caregivers and health workers; to identify signs in neonates leading either to recognition of illness or health-care seeking; and to ascertain the proportion of caregivers who recognize the individual items of the integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses (IMNCI) programme"
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84(10)

IMCI : what can we learn from an innovation that didn’t reach the poor?

GWARTKIN, Davidson
October 2006

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In this editorial, the author comments on the feasibility of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy of the World Health Organization aimed at serving the poor. He analyses the reasons behind the failure of IMCI strategy to reach the poor. According to the author, IMCI failed due to several faults in its implementation including its initiation in well-off areas, a horizontal approach, and bad financial infrastructure of the poor regions
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84(10)

Participatory monitoring and evaluation of community- and faith-based programs : a step-by-step guide for people who want to make HIV and AIDS services and activities more effective in their community

September 2006

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This guide adopts a learning approach to participatory monitoring and evaluation of HIV and AIDS programmes, and sees programme achievements and problems as a means to better decison-making. It provides a comprehensive overview of monitoring and evaluation processes, from planning to indicators selection, baselines definition and report writing. The process is outlined in simple and practical steps. Includes a chapter on participatory methods and tools and a list of useful HIV and AIDS programmes indicators. This publication is primarily intended for community- and faith-based programme managers and group facilitators

Socio-economic impact of disability in Latin America : Chile and Uruguay

CONTRERAS, Dante
et al
July 2006

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By using information from two national household surveys for Chile and Uruguay in 2003, this paper analyses the effect of economic and social policies to increase opportunities and social welfare for people with disabilities in the two countries. This paper would be of interest to those studying the socio-economic impact of disability

Better breastfeeding, healthier lives [whole issue]

March 2006

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This issue looks at the merits of breastfeeding and suggests ways for programmes and providers to help women improve breastfeeding practices. Breastmilk offers infants and young children complete nutrition and early protection against illness, increasing their chances of survival. National governments need to devise and implement comprehensive strategies to promote optimal practices and advise women about the benefits of breastfeeding. Includes an outline of Madagascar's policy approach and a discussion on breastfeeding as a contraceptive option

CIRRIE database of international rehabilitation research

CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL REHABILITATION AND RESEARCH INFORMATION AND EXCHANGE (CIRRIE)
January 2006

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Includes references to over 24,000 materials about international rehabilitation research conducted outside the USA. Most of the references include abstracts or links to the full text of the material. The database offers a detailed search facility allowing users to select broad, narrow or related search terms from a detailed thesaurus, as well as specify geographical region, language, or year of publication of materials. A very useful database, materials indexed are mainly articles from a wide range of journals including 'Disability and Rehabilitation', 'Asia and Pacific Journal on Disabilty', and 'International Journal of Rehabilitation Research'. In addition to indexing from mainstream journals and internet sites, CIRRIE also includes citations to resources not readily available to U.S. researchers

2006 report on the global AIDS epidemic

JOINT UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
2006

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This annual report takes an overall look at the global AIDS epidemic. Provides an impact analysis of AIDS on populations at risk and civil society. Looks at effective ways to prevent, control and treat the disease. Indicates how to improve allocation and use of financial resources, design and implement effective national policies and approach the response from a strategic perspective rather than in terms of crisis management. Annexes include country profiles, essential statistics and country progress indicators

The millennium development goals report 2006

UNITED NATIONS
2006

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This report assess progress towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals. It presents data collected by agencies and organisations within and outside the United Nations system, working through the Inter-agency and Expert Group on MDG Indicators

Perceptions and practice : an anthology of impact assessment experiences

SAYCE, Kay
NORRISH, Patricia
2006

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This book presents eleven case studies of impact assessment in information and communication projects such as CATIA, Reflect's ICT projects in India, Tearfund's Footsteps project, Bernard van Leer Foundation's Effectiveness Initiative and others. Each case study begins with a summary of the study, followed by first-hand accounts of the key people involved in each assessment. The central issues raised by the studies include learning and accountability, attribution, context, communication, donor issues, resources, and planning. The case studies are bracketted by sensitive and analytical introductory and concluding chapters, which synthesize the practitioners' voices from the case studies, contextualise them in wider debates in development impact assessment, evaluation and learning

Opportunities for Africa's newborns : practical data, policy and programmatic support for newborn care in Africa

LAWN, Joy
KERBER, Kate
2006

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The African region has the highest rates of neonatal mortality in the world, and has shown the slowest progress so far in reducing neonatal deaths. New policies, however, seem to provide opportunities to accelerate progress for maternal, newborn and child health. Section 1 presents an overview of neonatal deaths, and lives that could be saved in Africa in order to guide policy and programme priority setting. Section 2 explores the the continuum of care through pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period, highlighting current gaps in coverage of care and opportunities to address these gaps at all levels - family and community care, outreach services, and primary and referral care facilities. Section 3 contains an overview of the current situation for 9 key programmes related to newborn health. Section 4 discusses lessons learned and existing gaps between new policies and their implementation. Section 5, finally, contains a summary of relevant data for decision making for 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa regarding maternal, newborn and child health status and policy. This accessible and comprehensive tool will be of use to policy makers, health and community workers and programme managers

Pneumonia : the forgotton killer of children

WARDLAW, Tessa
WHITE JOHANSSON, Emily
HODGE, Matthew
2006

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This report examines the epidemiological evidence on the burden and distribution of pneumonia and assesses current levels of treatment and prevention. The report aims to raise awareness of pneumonia and to serve as a call to action to reduce child deaths from pneumonia

Gender, health and development in the Americas : basic indicators 2005

GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND HEALTH UNIT (PAHO)
2006

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This publication aims to provide a set of basic statistical indicators that illustrate the differences between women and men in terms of health status and its socioeconomic determinants. Graphs are presented for some indicators of priority gender and health issues for which information is available in only a limited number of countries

Disability at a glance : a profile of 28 countries and areas in Asia and the Pacific

UNITED NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ESCAP)
2006

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This publication provides "...disability-related data and policy-related information so that readers are able to see in detail how a particular country or area defines disability and collects related statistics, and implements the Biwako Millennium Framework, in particular, with regard to the establishment of a relevant institutional framework and policies." It is intended "...that this publication will serve as a basis for continuing dialogue amongst the stakeholders on reviewing current status of Government commitments on disability and serve as an impetus for further actions"

Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd edition. Chapter 2. Intervention cost-effectiveness: overview of main messages.

LAXMINARAYAN, Ramanan
et al
2006

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Drawing from the collective knowledge and analytical work of the many experts who have contributed to this volume, this chapter provides a broader perspective on the relative efficiency and effect on health of a number of interventions than is possible in a single, condition-specific chapter. The objective is to provide information on the cost-effectiveness estimates for 319 interventions covering nearly every disease condition considered in the volume, and the resulting avertable burden of disease. This chapter provides broad conclusions on the economic efficiency of using these interventions to improve health.

 

Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd edition. Chapter 15. Cost-effectiveness analysis for priority setting.

MUSGROVE, Phillip
FOX-RUSHBY, Julia
2006

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What cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) does and does not provide, how it is related to the concept of burden of disease, and how it can be used, along with other criteria, in setting priorities is discussed. The several meanings of the term CEA and the way that interventions are classified and evaluated are described. Estimating the effectiveness of an intervention requires specifying the units which in turn requires choices of several parameter values, including, in the analyses reported here, the discount rate applied to future years; the disability weights that describe the severity of diseases and conditions, corresponding to the health losses that they cause; and the life expectancy at different ages. Costs of interventions to include in the analysis, and conversion of costs to equivalents in U.S. dollars for international comparisons are described. Variations of results and uncertainty of estimates are discussed. Two ways are suggested to consider costs and outcomes at the population level, allowing for large differences among countries in the size of population; the incidence or prevalence of a disease, condition, or risk factor; and the amount spent or available to spend on an intervention

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