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Meeting the HIV/AIDS challenge to food secutiry : the role of labour saving technologies in farm-households

DU GUERNAY, Jacques
December 2002

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The paper focuses on the various types and levels of constraints faced by farm-households as a production and reproduction system within a farming system. These constraints include time and energy limitations created by HIV/AIDS provoked shortages. The paper highlights the contributions various labour saving technologies (LSTs) could provide while also stressing the conditions, including gender ones, which have to be met in order to introduce LSTs successfully. LSTs are a partial solution to HIV/AIDS problems, but also represent a challenge to the way agriculture is practiced and to common policies in both agriculture and HIV/AIDS. The focus on LSTs is a fertile field for cooperation between sectors, between public and private institutions, North-South and South-South

Rural healthcare delivery : connecting communities through technology

TURISCO, Fran
METZGER, Jane
December 2002

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The report aims to provide an overview of practical technology solutions for rural providers and to help them get started. It assists readers in understanding technology and provides case examples of technology solutions. It raises practical issues in getting started and provides a list of other resources on the subject. The report is geared to a US-based audience and does not specifically cover developing country issues

Transport [whole issue]

PARSLEY, Linda
Ed
November 2002

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Issue 15 of the newsletter of the DFID funded Knowledge and Research Infrastructure and Urban Development programme. It provides information on the activities taking place as part of the programme, and references to recent publications, including reports, papers and books

Water supply and sanitation access and use by physically disabled people : e-conference synthesis report

LEWIS, Ingrid
REED, R.
JONES, Hazel
Eds
October 2002

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The aim of this e-conference was to provide a forum for sharing information, experience and views on issues related to disabled people's access to and use of water and sanitation facilities. The report looks at barriers to accessible water and sanitation facilities; strategies to improve accessibility; and tools to support improvement in access. It is useful for CBR projects, governments, and planners

Twinning against AIDS : a report and proposal for using information and communication technologies to improve the sharing of information, skills and experience between organisations responding to the HIV/AIDS crisis

October 2002

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The twinning approach enables organisations to share lessons and experience more widely and to support each other while seeking ways to act more effectively in their own communities. This report was generated following a December 2001 meeting of organisations from North and South America and the Caribbean involved or interested in HIV/AIDS twinning processes, who came together to further discuss how twinning partnerships could be improved, expanded and sustained over time

Integrating intellectual property rights and development policy : report of the commission on intellectual property rights

COMMISSION ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (CIPR)
September 2002

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This detailed and thorough report considers whether and how intellectual property rights (IPRs) can play a role in achieving the Millenium Development Goals. It explores the potential benefits of IPRs in stimulating economic growth, and the associated benefits in terms of productivity and reduced poverty. It considers also the barriers that IPRs may present to developing economies, including discouraging invention, research, technology transfer, domestic production and driving up the costs of medicines and agricultural inputs. Key issues covered in successive chapters include: current evidence about the impact of IPRs in developing countries; development of and access to medicines; protection of plants and genetic resources; the Convention on Biological Diversity, traditional knowledge, cultural expressions and geographic indicators; copyright and patents; IPR legislation for developing countries; international and national institutional framework for IPRs

Perspectives on disability, poverty and technology : a report to Healthlink Worldwide and GIC Ltd

ALBERT, Bill
MCBRIDE, Rob
SEDDON, David
September 2002

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This paper sets out an approach to disability and development based on the social model of disability. It states that national and international statistics on the incidence of physical and/or mental impairment provides a partial and often misleading notion of the social reality of disability in developing countries. They should therefore not be used to gauge the needs of disabled people or to estimate the costs or benefits of programmes. The paper argues for the need to formulate an integrated strategy towards disability and development. It recommends that specific criteria be adopted for judging project concept notes and proposals and makes recommendations regarding the choice and weighting of criteria. It also provides a set of recommendations for: DFID in general; DFID in relation to its Disability Knowledge and Research (KaR) programme; the Disability KaR programme managers; further work to be undertaken

Sustaining ICT-enabled development : practice makes perfect?

FERGUSON, Julie
BALLANTYNE, Peter
August 2002

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Report of a workshop that explored the sustainability of ICT-enabled development interventions. The discussion centred around the 'classic' or organisational and developmental factors, indicating that ICTs are not inherently more or less sustainable than other instruments. It also focused on some of the specific characteristics of ICTs - such as their fast pace and the effect of this acceleration on business processes and decision-making, and the illusion of the 'quick fix'. The report also pulls out the impact of basic infrastructure on the impact of ICTs in addressing poverty. It concludes with eight 'steps' or guides to enhancing the sustainability of ICT-enabled interventions

The potential and the constraints in low income countries

GHOSH, V
CHANDRASEKHAR, C P
July 2002

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This paper outlines the potential offered by technological progress in the information and communication technologies (ICTs) industries for the health sector in developing countries, presents some examples of positive experiences in India, and considers the difficulties in achieving this potential. Conclusions are that the development of ICTs can bring about improvements in health in developing countries but there are barriers including the limits on physical access to new technologies, the high cost of providing such access for the less well endowed, and exclusion from access due to the inadequate capabilities of large sections of the population. These constraints suggest that the ICT revolution could, in turn, generate a new digital divide

Local capacities to create and adapt information for healthcare workers in developing countries

PAKENHAM-WALSH, Neil
July 2002

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This study is a brief but sobering analysis of the impact of ICTs and health information in the developing country environment. The author notes that despite its massive potential, the current global information explosion has had little impact on access to practical information for frontline healthcare workers in developing countries, especially those working in primary care and district hospital settings. The author notes that healthcare workers in developing countries continue to lack access to the basic information they need to learn, to diagnose, and to save lives. However, it is shown that this can be improved through access to and use of ICTs

Collecting and propagating local development content : synthesis and conclusions

BALLANTYNE, Peter
May 2002

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Drawing from a consultation process to examine how local content in developing countries is created, adapted, and exchanged, this report provides some answers to these questions. It is a synthesis of lessons; the case stories which are reproduced in an accompanying report provide details on actual experienses and lessons from the ground

Health, HIV/AIDS and ICT : a needs assessment | The digital pulse

DS BATESON CONSULTING
May 2002

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This information for this report was derived from a survey intended to get a sense of what a health-focused audience felt were the issues in relation to the promotion of ICT. The initiative for the survey stemmed from Action Point 7 of the G8's Digital Opportunity Task Force (DOT Force). Surveys were distributed by email and resulted in 37 (of 120) responses, the majority of which came from African organisations. The most important finding was that respondents believed in the necessity of focusing on the information needs of, and the communication channels among, individuals before considering the the supporting technology. Human processes were stressed as more important, and ICTs initiatives should support those processes

Strengthening the knowledge and information systems of the urban poor : policy paper

SCHILDERMAN, Theo
April 2002

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This brief policy paper summarises the findings of a research project that focused on the information needs of the urban poor, and the information sources they access. The study found that the main sources of information were social networks, key informants, and infomediaries. It ends with six suggestions for development agencies seeking to share their knowledge and information with the urban poor

Harnessing ICTs for community health : the AfriAfya initiative

NYAMAI, Caroline
April 2002

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A number of health NGOs in Kenya, interested individuals and the Ministry of Health came together for a workshop in April 2000 to explore how they might harness ICT for community health, recognising that individually none had adequate solutions. A consortium, later called AfriAfya, was established to explore means of turning good ideas into practical realities. The consortium consisted of seven of the large health NGOs in Kenya - Aga Khan Health Services, Kenya; African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF); CARE Kenya; Christian Health Association of Kenya (CHAK); SatelLife HealthNet Kenya; PLAN International; and World Vision International, Kenya - along with the Ministry of Health. This report explains the initiative and explores its results, lessons and impacts

Disability and disaster : victimhood and agency in earthquake risk reduction

WISNER, Ben
April 2002

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This paper examines the relationship between disability and disaster. The definition of disability is explored, as well as implications for policy and practice in emergency management,. The need for the inclusion, partnership and participation of people with disabilities in disaster management and planning is highlighted. This paper is useful to anyone interested in disability and disasters

Strengthening the knowledge and information systems of the urban poor

SCHILDERMAN, Theo
March 2002

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Presents the findings of a research project that focused on the information needs of the urban poor, and the information sources they access. The study found that the main sources of information were social networks, key informants, and infomediaries. It considers the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs), and impact assessment methods. It ends with suggestions for development agencies seeking to share their knowledge and information with the urban poor

Unlocking economic opportunity in the South through local content : a proposal from the G8 Dotforce

ARMSTRONG, Peter
et al
March 2002

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A detailed proposal for contributing to the G8 Dotforce process to bridge the digital divide, through local content and applications creation. It explores the ideas of freely available information versus creating a local market for development information, retaining intellectual property rights and stimulating a new kind of trade. The proposed creation of an 'Open Knowledge Network' reflects the need to try and support different initiatives and approaches to local content creation and sharing, in different sectors and environments

Assessing the need and potential of community networking for developing countries : a case study from India

BLATTMAN, Christopher
JENSEN, Robert
ROMAN, Raul
February 2002

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This paper presents a set of methods and tools that can be used to assess the community networking and information needs of specific communities and thereby influence the design of ICT projects. It describes a strategy that uses a range of both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to undertake such an assessment, and provides a specific case study of an ICT project in rural Tamil Nadu, India. The study gathered data on the following topics: socio-economic status, agricultural marketing and price search, availability of information on agricultural problems, employment availability and search, media use, household spending, and use and satisfaction with government services. These data are used to construct an 'information and communications profile' that depicts current ICT and media usage and existing sources of information for various community agents (farmers and producers, laborers, government, etc.). The methods and costs at which agents obtain information, as well as gaps and information needs are analysed. These analyses demonstrate opportunities for community and economic development through improved information access, and identify critical issues that should be considered in the design of ICT projects

Use of a computerized tuberculosis register for automated generation of case finding, sputum conversion, and treatment outcome reports

VRANKEN, R
et al
February 2002

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The article describes the 'Electronic TB Register', a user-friendly, Epi-Info based software programme based on the WHO/IUATLD format of recording and reporting. Individual records from the TB registry are entered in a program that provides interactive support. Factors critical for success include a functioning, paper-based system, involvement of staff from the TB programme, health information systems, and health facilities, ongoing training, and backup support

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