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Community led total sanitation (CLTS) : an evaluation of the WaterAid’s CLTS programme in Nigeria

BURTON, Salma
August 2007

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Since establishing a programme in Nigeria in 1995, WANG and partners have tried several approaches to promoting sanitation which have not yielded sustainable changes. In its attempt to seek a more sustainable methodology, WANG initiated the pilot testing of the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach which aimed to facilitate a participatory process of empowering local communities to improve their sanitation situation. This evaluation report assesses the efficiency, effectiveness and relevance of the CLTS programme, and recommends ways of improving and scaling up the programme in Nigeria. The evaluation provides wide ranging evidence that that CLTS is an effective approach to establishing hygiene and sanitation practice in Nigeria, but the effectiveness varied depending on certain conditions which will need to be taken into consideration when scaling up the initiative

Fostering disability-inclusive HIV/AIDS programs in northeast India : a participatory study

et al
June 2007

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"This paper summarises findings from a participatory study which aimed to develop practical guidelines to make HIV programmes in the states of Manipur and Nagaland more disability-friendly...The objectives were to: 1) explore HIV risk and risk perception in relation to people with disability (PWD) among HIV and disability programmers, and PWD themselves; 2) identify HIV-related education and service needs and preferences of PWD; and 3) utilise findings and stakeholder consultation to draft practical guidelines for inclusion of disability into HIV programming in this region of India"

A framework for monitoring and evaluating HIV prevention programmes for most-at-risk populations

JOINT UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
April 2007

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This framework is intended for national and subnational programme managers and others involved in planning and implementing programmes; monitoring and evaluation; and using data and information for policy development and programme improvement. It includes tools and methods that can be applied at a national and a subnational level, drawing from existing sources where available and includes the most recent thinking about M&E of most-at-risk populations, directing the reader towards appropriate supplemental guides, training materials, and other sources of technical information. It also emphasises the importance of members of most-at-risk populations participating in the evaluation process

A new weave of power, people & politics : the action guide for advocacy and citizen participation

VENEKLASEN, Lisa
MILLER, Valerie
March 2007

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This comprehensive action guide provides an approach for building people’s participation and collective power that goes beyond influencing policy and politics to transforming public decision-making. It offers easily adaptable 'modules' for NGOs trainers, activists, grass-roots organisations, who wish to develop ideas around advocacy. One of the strengths is that it focuses on peoples participation and explores ideas relating to power and politics in citizen-centred advocacy. It emphasises power and constituency-building discussed through the lens of gender/race/class and is based upon the concrete experiences of social change worldwide
It also offers facilitators tips, sample exercises and easily adaptable handouts, along with core information to support anyone through the learning process. Based on long-term experience of a range of practitioners, the guide provides well-tested methods for promoting citizen participation and practical ways of realising a rights-based approach.
The contents, chapters 1, 3, 5, 10 and 13 can be accessed electronically

Learning from capacity building practice : adapting the 'Most Significant Change' (MSC) approach to evaluate capacity building provision by CABUNGO in Malawi

WRIGLEY, Rebecca
December 2006

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This paper presents the findings of an evaluation initiative of the capacity building services provided by CABUNGO, a local capacity building support provider in Malawi. Using the Most Significant Change approach - a story-based, qualitative and participatory methodology - this pilot exercise attempted to capture the changes resulting from capacity building and to enhance the learning and performance of CABUNGO. Organisational capacity development activities facilitated shifts in knowledge and practices but also in relationships and power dynamics. The paper also highlights advantages and constraints of the MSC approach

Participatory monitoring and evaluation of community- and faith-based programs : a step-by-step guide for people who want to make HIV and AIDS services and activities more effective in their community

September 2006

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This guide adopts a learning approach to participatory monitoring and evaluation of HIV and AIDS programmes, and sees programme achievements and problems as a means to better decison-making. It provides a comprehensive overview of monitoring and evaluation processes, from planning to indicators selection, baselines definition and report writing. The process is outlined in simple and practical steps. Includes a chapter on participatory methods and tools and a list of useful HIV and AIDS programmes indicators. This publication is primarily intended for community- and faith-based programme managers and group facilitators

Learning leadership development from African cultures : a personal perspective

MALUNGA, Chiku
September 2006

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This PraxisNote supports the notion that effective leadership development strategies in Africa should be rooted in the rich cultural heritage and indigenous social practices. Crucially, the paper adopts an 'ubuntu' perspective, a world-view built around five interrelated principles: sharing and collective ownership of opportunities, responsibilities and challenges; the importance of people and relationships over things; participatory decision making and leadership; patriotism; and reconciliation as a goal of conflict management. The Note looks in some detail at the implications for leadership development of these principles and briefly discusses lessons learned

Evaluating Stepping Stones : a review of existing evaluations and ideas for future M&E work

WALLACE, Tina
June 2006

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This publication aims to review monitoring and evaluation activities, methodologies and findings around the Stepping Stones (SS) approach. Over the last ten years, Stepping Stones has been used by many NGOs as an effective tool for HIV prevention, gender empowerment, community mobilisation and promotion of PLWHA rights. However, monitoring and evaluation documentation on SS is sparse and does not reflect the wealth of learning about the methodology. Key findings show that SS helps improve communication about health issues and supports behaviour changes, although evidence that it has led to a decline in HIV or AIDS incidence is less clear. The report calls for well-designed and systematic monitoring and evaluation activities, and for a strategic dissemination of findings and monitoring and evaluation data

Reducing risk of disaster in our communities

VENTON, Paul
HANSFORD, Bob
2006

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[Publisher's description:] This book looks at a methodology called Participatory Assessment of Disaster Risk, which can be used to reduce disaster risk at community level. The process involves assessment of hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities and results in action planning [...] This book starts by considering disasters from a Christian perspective

What children and youth think Malawi : a statistical presentation of opinions and perceptions of children and youth in Malawi, 2006

AFRICAN CHILD POLICY FORUM
UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL OFFICE (UNICEF-ESARO)
2006

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This report is part of the pilot to a continent-wide poll of the views and perceptions of African children and youth . The results of the poll are intended to influence strategies, policies and policy makers. The poll identifies some of the issues that children and youth consider as shaping their lives, the problems that they see as priorities for their rights and welfare, and areas where practical actions and programmes could improve, as well as to understand their perceptions of their role in decision-making by government and by civil society. It is also intended to offer a framework for similar polls in the future

What African children and youth think and feel : an opinion poll of children and youth in eastern and southern Africa

AFRICAN CHILD POLICY FORUM
UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL OFFICE (UNICEF-ESARO)
2006

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This is a summary of the findings of polls carried out in 8 countries in eastern and southern Africa on the opinions of children and youth as to their well-being, emotions and environment; their relationships with family and friends; their relationship with their communities, their countries and their leaders; and about their perceptions of the issues concerning them. The polls involved over 4,000 young people aged between 9 and 17

Ben ni walen : let’s agree and take action|Mobilizing for human rights using participatory theatre

SGANGA, Cristina
VISSER, Teun
2006

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"This Guide is a basic introduction to using participatory methods for exploring human rights issues with people in rural communities to encourage human rights organisations to adopt a long-term approach to raising human rights awareness Section I presents the background to the writing of the Guide and its context. It explains the approach proposed to mobilise rural communities, and it introduces the different components of participatory research and participatory theatre methodology. Section II contains information on the range of participatory theatre methods, and provides illustrative examples of how to use them to explore human rights issues with rural communities. Background information on the specific human rights issues used as examples is also included. The guide contains basic guidelines and suggestions rather than giving step-by-step directions on how to develop programmes, and users are encouraged to adapt the methods and adjust any part of the Guide to suit their own circumstances. This guide is useful for Human right organisations, theatre directors and group, and community development organisations"

Guidelines for project and programme evaluation : volume 3

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION
2006

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“The European Commission has developed and formalised a methodology for evaluating its external assistance, in which the priority is on results and impacts … This third volume completes and updates the project evaluation manual previously used by the European Commission. It is intended primarily for the evaluation of large projects and of programmes involving similar projects in several countries. The volume is organised chronologically, with two approaches: that of the evaluation manager and that of the external evaluation team. A participatory evaluation option is also proposed”

Evaluation methods for European Union’s external assistance, Vol. 3

Conducting quality impact evaluation under budget, time and data constraints

THE WORLD BANK‘S INDEPENDENT EVALUATION GROUP
2006

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“Project and program managers who wish to conduct an evaluation are often faced with severe budget, time or data constraints — these can act as a disincentive to conduct rigorous evaluations. The purpose of this booklet is to provide advice to those planning an impact evaluation, so that they can select the most rigorous methods available within the constraints they face”

Participatory methods toolkit : a practitioner's manual

SLOCUM, Nikki
September 2005

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This publication provides practical information for starting up and managing participatory projects. It presents and discusses ten participatory techniques, methods or applications, including participatory assessment, monitoring and evaluation (PAME). Each method is defined, and indications of when to use it are given. There is a detailed discussion of how to implement each method, including budget considerations. These methods and techniques can be adapted or combined to suit specific projects. The manual is for use by practitioners who want to familiarise themselves with a variety of participatory methods, and can also be used as an introductory resource for less experienced development workers

A strange illness : issues and research by children affected by HIV/AIDS in central China

SAVE THE CHILDREN CHINA
June 2005

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Report about the concerns raised by orphans and children affected by HIV/AIDS in an area of central China with a severe HIV/AIDS epidemic. The project was undertaken as a preliminary study for a longer programme of child-focused work in the area to provide care, support and reatmenr within the framework of child protection and child participation. It outlines how children define vulnerability and future work that will be developed on the basis of the research

Evaluation of the UNAIDS/UNITAR AIDS competence programme

ALANDO, Chris
June 2005

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While many successful responses to HIV have begun at a local or community level, poor communication, monitoring and evaluation systems and accountability have meant a lack of resources with which people can share their experiences directly and promptly. The AIDS competence programme seeks to develop community capacity and promote community ownership through facilitation and use of innovative knowledge management assets. This evaluation measures the effectiveness and efficiency of the AIDS Competence Programme’s process and outcomes and makes a number of recommendations to the different interest groups involved

The 'Most Significant Change' (MSC) technique : a guide to its use

DAVIES, Rick
DART, Jess
April 2005

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This publication is an introduction to the 'Most Significant Change' (MSC) approach to monitoring and evaluation. MSC is a participatory technique of monitoring without indicators. It asks users to collect "significant change" stories from the field level and to select and filter these through a panel of stakeholders or staff. It gives an overview of the "story" approach, and illustrates how to implement the MSC technique in ten steps. Chapter five looks in detail at the place of MSC in a monitoring and evaluation framework. The guide also includes a comparison with other approaches, a historical overview a of its development and outlines possible next steps and future innovations for the approach

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