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Sociocultural explanations for delays in careseeking for pneumonia

CENTRE FOR HEALTH AND POPULATION RESEARCH
December 2003

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This article is printed in the Health and Science Bulletin produced by the Centre for Health and Population Research, based in Bangladesh. It outlines research conducted among parents in Matlab, Bangladesh, revealing how their beliefs affect household treatment of childhood pneumonia and influence delays in seeking care from trained providers. Many indigenous beliefs and social factors prevent primary care providers, particularly mothers, of pneumonia cases from obtaining prompt and appropriate help. For example, in fear of being blamed for poor caring practices, mothers are reluctant to share information about the illness with other family members. Intervention strategies designed to reduce child mortality associated with pneumonia need to address the cultural beliefs and challenges. Efforts should focus on involving family members such as the child's father or grandmother in early recognition of pneumonia cases. It also suggests that health workers use local terminology and cultural knowledge to communicate the need for prompt treatment with a trained provider

Community-based social services : practical advice based upon lessons from outside of the World Bank

MCLEOAD, Dinah
December 2003

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The purpose of this paper is to gather information outside of the Bank, in both developed and developing countries, on design and delivery of community based social service initiatives. Recommendations are provided for practical advice on project design and to enhance the sub-project cycle for social service-type projects
Social Protection Discussion Paper Series

Understanding and challenging HIV stigma : toolkit for action

KIDD, Ross
CLAY, Sue
September 2003

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This toolkit was designed for NGOs, community groups and HIV educators to raise awareness and promote actions to challenge HIV stigma and discrimination. Based on research in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia, the toolkit contains more than 125 exercises. In addition to these exercises there is a supplementary volume of further activities to support the toolkit. The toolkit is developed to support participatory learning and encourages participants to move from awareness to action. Organisations are encouraged to pick modules and exercises that fit their needs or to integrate exercises into an existing training programme

Voices from the communities : the impact of HIV/AIDS on the lives of orphaned children and their guardians

FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL (FHI); SCOPE-OVC
July 2003

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Voices from the Communities is a follow-up qualitative study by Family Health International (FHI) and Strengthening Community Partnerships for the Empowerment of Orphans and Vulnerable Children (SCOPE-OVC) to a 2001 quantitative survey. The quantitative study sought to determine the psychosocial and emotional needs of orphans and vulnerable children in sixteen communities in four districts of Zambia: Livingstone, Lusaka, Mongu and Kitwe. Voices extends the original research by ascertaining the psychosocial and emotional needs of OVC in greater detail. In Voices, 10 focus group discussions were held during 2002 in two townships; Itimpi in Kitwe and Chawama in Lusaka. The study sample of one hundred and eighty one discussants consisted of orphaned children, child heads of household and adult heads of household

A last resort : the growing concern about children in residential care

INTERNATIONAL SAVE THE CHILDREN ALLIANCE
June 2003

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This paper sets out the International Save the Children Alliance’s position on the residential care of children and highlights concerns about its growing use. Its aim is to draw attention to an area that has largely been ignored as a rights issue for international attention and action

HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support : stories from the community

RUSCHKAMP, S
et al
April 2003

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Touches on development dynamics (includig poverty, gender, inequality, low levels of education, population mobility and lack of access to basic services), which feature in the spread of HIV and AIDS in Asia. It shares positive ideas and creative solutions for action to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS. It is a collection of stories of community partners working together, including local responses to the challenges of HIV and AIDS

Where there is no psychiatrist : a mental health care manual

PATEL, Vikram
2003

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This is a practical manual about mental health care, aimed at community health workers, primary care nurses, social workers and primary care doctors. It describes more than 30 clinical problems associated with mental illness, using a problem-solving approach to guide the reader through their assessment and management. It addresses the lack of understanding of mental health among many health workers

Politics of health knowledge network

HEALTHWRIGHTS
INTERNATIONAL PEOPLE'S HEALTH COUNCIL (IPHC)
PEOPLE'S HEALTH MOVEMENT (PHM)
2003

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An interactive website that presents accessible research and credible resources related to health, development and social justice. Each topic, such as HIV/AIDS for example, can be looked at from a range of perspectives: introductory information; talking points and data, analysis and policy studies; case studies and people's stories; positive alternatives and organised action. There is also a reference section and an invitation to contribute

Building blocks : Africa-wide briefing notes. Resources for communities working with orphans and vulnerable children

INTERNATIONAL HIV/AIDS ALLIANCE
January 2003

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A set of eight booklets designed to support programme design and practice at the community level around children made vulnerable or orphaned by HIV or AIDS in Africa. The resources are all locally adaptable and are based on the experience of Alliance, its partners and other organisations. The booklets are called "Overview"; "Psychosocial support"; "Health and nutrition"; "Economic strengthening"; "Education"; "Social inclusion"; "Older Carers"; and "Young children and HIV"

Management of men's reproductive health problems

ENGENDERHEALTH
2003

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Provides information to clinicians and other service providers in diagnosing and managing reproductive health disorders in men. Topics include disorders of the male reproductive system, including infertility and sexually transmitted infections; sexual and reproductive history assessment; and step-by-step instructions for performing a genital examination. Consists of a participant's handbook and trainer's resource book.The participant's handbook is intended for use by health care staff who participate in a training workshop, and can be used both during the training course and as reference material after the course is over. The trainer's resource book is intended for use by skilled, experienced trainers, and provides guidance, suggestions, and training activities to be used to teach the content of the training course

Changing minds, policies and lives : improving protection of children in eastern Europe and central Asia. Redirecting resources to community-based services

FOX, Louise
POSARAC
REICHENBERG, Judita
2003

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After more than a decade of coping with transition challenges in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the need for the reform of family and child welfare systems has been widely acknowledged. Through Changing minds, policies and lives, UNICEF and the World Bank have teamed up in an effort to developing knowledge and tools for the reform of three essential family welfare system regulators (decision making, standards and financing). This publication provides guidelines for redirecting monetary resources by changing financing flows primarily towards support for families at risk and family-based alternatives. This toolkit is part of a three set collection, the other two focus on standards to ensure family-centered outcomes, and decision making processes to reshape the gate-keeping system

Community based care for separated children

TOLFREE, David K
2003

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The International Save the Children’s Alliance organised a project called ‘Care and Protection of Separated Children in Emergencies’ to address the issue of children that are separated from their parents in situations of armed conflict, natural disasters, pandemics such as AIDS and various forms of exploitation and abuse. The initiative explored issues of fostering, group care, and other types of care arrangements for children. The project produced case studies in 6 countries. Participatory research with children was a key theme. This paper offers a ten-point analysis of the typical negative features of institutional care and then looks at community based care. This is done firstly under the heading of preventative approaches to avoid the unnecessary separation of children, then alternative care strategies such as community based care. There are some concluding comments pointing towards the need for further research and the need to place more emphasis on what children themselves have to say in research, in policy formulation and in developing good practice

AIDS and older persons : an international perspective

KNODEL, John
WATKINS, Susan
VANLANDINGHAM, Mark
2003

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This document explores the impact of the AIDS epidemic on persons age 50 and over. Although older persons represent a non-negligible minority of the reported global caseload, a far higher proportion are affected through the illness and death of their adult children and younger generation relatives who contract AIDS. Since most of the epidemic occurs in the developing regions, especially Africa and Asia, efforts to understand and deal with the concerns of older persons in relation to AIDS in those settings needs expansion, and the authors conclude with a series of recommendations for future research

HIV/AIDS and ageing : a briefing paper

HELPAGE INTERNATIONAL
2003

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This briefing paper outlines the difficulties related to HIV that are facing an aging population. It challenges the notion that older people are not vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection, outlines why they are being missed by information and service campaigns, describes difficulties associated with caring for their children and grandchildren who have become sick with AIDS. It takes a rights-based approach in advocating for the inclusion of older people in awareness and service provision programmes, and calls for more research into the effects of HIV/AIDS on an aging population. It points out the value of older people as agents of change and care-givers and argues for directed benefits to older people. It ends with an agenda for action on recognising the intergenerational nature and socio-economic impacts of HIV/AIDS

Included in society : results and recommendations of the European Research Initiative on community-based residential alternatives for disabled people

FREYHOFF, Geert
Ed
2003

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This publication is a result of the project 'Included in Society' aiming at analysing the conditions in and prevalence of large residential institutions for disabled people in Europe. Data was collected from 25 European countries. The paper provides policy recommendations addressing the need for more community-based services for disabled people

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