This report is the first of a series of OHCHR publications intended to inform and encourage debate on the issues affecting children, persons with disabilities and older persons in institutions. The study highlights that many children and people with disabilities and older persons continue to be placed in long-stay residential institutional care in countries across Europe, often for life. The report draws attention to this situation and addresses the responsibility of governments to develop community-based alternatives to institutional care. It identifies the issues covered by the relevant existing standards and highlights areas that require further consideration and discussion