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World oral health report 2003 : continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century. The approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme

PETERSEN, Poul Erik
2003

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Chronic diseases and socio-environmental conditions are today's leading health problems. Rapidly changing diseases patterns are linked to changing lifestyles, which include diets rich in sugar, widespread use of tobacco and increased consumption of alcohol. In addition to socio-environmental conditions, oral health is highly related to the mentioned lifestyle factors which are common risks to most chronic diseases. Oral diseases qualify as major public health problems due to their high prevalence and incidence. As for all diseases the highest burden of oral diseases is on the disadvantaged and socially marginalised populations. Traditional treatment is extrememly costly and not feasible or possible to most low-income and middle-income countries. The WHO Global Strategy for the prevention and control of non-commincable diseases and the common risk factor approach is a new strategy to managing prevention and control of oral diseases. This document outlines the current oral health situation at the global level and the strategies and approaches for better oral health in the 21st century

Outcome mapping : building learning and reflection into development programmes

EARL, Sarah
CARDEN, Fred
SMUTYLO, Terry
2002

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Assessing the impact of the efforts of a single external development agency is problematic because changes in the well-being of beneficiaries occur as a result of a ‘confluence of events’. Outcome mapping is a dynamic methodology that looks at the contribution an agency has made at project, programme or organisational level to influence the processes leading to changes in the behaviour, relationships, actions and activities of people and organisations. According to the authors, development is about people relating to each other and their environment. Outcome mapping is therefore a monitoring and evaluation system for current and completed activities and provides a framework and vocabulary for understanding changes and assessing efforts. It is based on principles of participation, iterative learning and evaluative thinking throughout.
This book includes a thorough explanation of the outcome mapping approach, and provides detailed information on workshop design and facilitation, as well as numerous worksheets and examples

Intervention strategies that work for youth : summary of FOCUS on young adults end of program report

FINGER, Bill
LAPETINA, Maria
PRIBILA, Maryanne
Eds
2002

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This is a summary of the FOCUS on young adults end of program report. The paper highlights results from 39 evaluations of program interventions for youth in developing countries, which the FOCUS on young adults program identifies as having sound methodology and important results. These programs have helped young people in developing countries practice healthlier behaviours, including delaying sexual debut, reducing the number of sexual partners and increasing the use of methods for preventing pregnancy and the STIs. The summary is aimed at program planners, administrators, policy makers and donors interested in developing evidence-based strategies and programs to promote better health for youth

National AIDS Councils : monitoring and evaluation operations manual

WILSON, David
2002

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Designed as a practical toolkit and road map for practitioners to use in designing and implementing programme monitoring and evaluation (M&E). The manual introduces key concepts; presents simple, clear procedures, with a checklist of the process, timing and costs of building participatory programme M&E for National AIDS Councils (NACs); and offers key tools that implementing partners need for M&E. The manual emphasizes the development of the overall M&E system, in relation to the National Strategic Plan, and the monitoring of services provided through NACs and their implementing partners. Offers a page of 'further resources' available through UNAIDS, FHI and CDC

Evaluating programs for HIV/AIDS prevention and care in developing countries : a handbook for program managers and decision makers

REHLE, Thomas
et al
2002

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This handbook contains a comprehensive discussion of evaluation approaches and methodologies for HIV prevention and care programmes. Its premise is that evaluation is an integral part of any programme from initial planning onward. Section I discusses concepts and approaches to evaluation and suggests an evaluation strategy design. Section II describes operational approaches for evaluating programmes concerned with promotion of behavioural change, infection control, condom use, voluntary counselling and testing, and people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA). Section III focuses on methodologies for measuring behavioural trends while section IV addresses evaluation issues of programme impact assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis. This publication is designed for use by programme managers and decision makers

Disability/Postmodernity : embodying disability theory

CORKER, Mairian
SHAKESPEARE, Tom
Eds
2002

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With contributions from leading scholars around the world, the aim of this book is to demystify the concept of postmodernity and to suggest ways in which it fosters a holistic approach to the study of disability that better represents and reflects the complexity of disabled people's experience. This book provides a contribution to both disability studies and social and cultural theory

Breast cancer in south-east Republic of Yemen

ABDUL HAMID, G
TAYEB, M S
BAWAZIR, A A
November 2001

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This retrospective study of breast cancer was carried out using the treatment registry of Aden Health Office and archives of Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital. It advocates for a comprehensive national approach to increase research funding in this area

International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF)

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
2001

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ICF is a classification of health and health related domains that describe body functions and structures, activities and participation. The domains are classified from body, individual and societal perspectives. Since an individual's functioning and disability occurs in a context, ICF also includes a list of environmental factors

A modern paradigm for improving healthcare quality

MASSOUD, M Rashad F
et al
2001

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Outlines the principles and frameworks underlying modern quality improvement in healthcare, including the integration of evidence-based medicine in improving clinical quality. Simplifies QI, recognising that this flexible methodology can be applied through a variety of approaches, along a spectrum of increasing complexity. Four applications of QI are described and illustrated with case examples: individual problem solving, rapid team problem solving, systematic team problem solving, and ongoing process improvement. The final section describes a number of useful tools for QI in developing countries.

Handbook for appropriate communication for behavior change. Culturally appropriate information/education/communication : elaboration and delivery

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO). Division of Cultural Policies and Intercultural Dialogue
2001

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This handbook is part of the UNESCO initiative on HIV and culture. It deals with building culturally appropriate information/education/communication (IEC) material and processes. It aims to tailor the content and pace of action to people's beliefs, value systems, capacity to mobilise, and to modify international and national strategies and policies, project design and field work accordingly. It gives a conceptual introduction to the issue and then presents the methodological research to be carried out (evaluation of the current activities, understanding, sensitising and mobilising cultural references and resources accordingly). It then identifies proposed target audiences and their specific characteristics. It concludes by proposing appropriate IEC models combining message elaboration and delivery

Investing in our future : psychosocial support for children affected by HIV / AIDS : a case study in Zimbabwe and the United Republic of Tanzania

FOX, Susan
2001

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The HIV/AIDS epidemic has had an enormous impact on children. Coping with the cumulative impact of over 17 million AIDS deaths on orphans and other survivors, on communities, and on national development is an enormous challenge, especially in African countries with social and health services already reeling from lack of human and financial resources. Hence, this report is intended for people concerned about and working with families affected with HIV/AIDS. Through providing examples of successful interventions being undertaken by organizations in Zimbabwe and the United Republic of Tanzania, the report shares experiences of essential psychosocial support to children who are infected and affected by HIV/AIDS to stimulate new awareness of needs and to open new doors for action. Furthermore, it focuses on what can be done for the child of an infected parent before and after the parent dies, to enable the child to cope better with the situation. Thus, this report illustrates how networking between organizations enables them to collaborate in addressing a variety of children's issues that they could not tackle alone

Patronage or partnership : local capacity building in humanitarian crises

SMILIE, Ian
Ed
2001

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This book reviews recent experiences in strengthening local institutions, governmental and non-governmental alike, in six countries on five continents. It examines various aspects of the tensions between international initiatives to save lives or to reconstruct the fabric of societies, and the parallel and sometimes competing international commitment to "capacitation" - to building longer term skills locally. The last chapter reviews the case studies and attempts to draw out the learning in terms of conceptual, operational, political and motivational issues

Cultures, spirituality and development

WORLD FAITHS DEVELOPMENT DIALOGUE (WFDD)
2001

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This booklet puts forward the point of view that development processes are only successful if they take into consideration the cultural and spiritual dimensions of people's lives. Drawing on examples from different parts of the world, it discusses what this means in practice and suggests how it may be done. It includes sections on development paradigms and the relevance of inclusive, participatory approaches; the relevance of culture; ideas toward a 'code of conduct' or way of working with culture in development; and raises methodological issues. The aim is to open up a debate about issues which have often been ignored because of their intangible and sometimes sensitive nature

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