This manual is intended for mid-level rehabilitation workers and primary health care personnel as an educational and instructional tool to use for their work with persons who have sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI), their families and members of their communities including teachers and their potential employers. Drawings are provided to help clarify safety guides, training instructions and the steps involved in making specific adaptive devices
This technical review paper presents the evidence for twelve key practices, identified by UNICEF and WHO to be of key importance in providing good home-care for the child to prevent or treat the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness conditions, in order to ensure survival, reduce morbidity, and promote healthy growth and development. The twelve key practices are: immunisation, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, micronutrients, hygiene, treated bed nets, food and fluids, home treatment, care-seeking, adherence, stimulation, and antenatal care. The paper has 3 objectives: 1. To summarise the available evidence 2. to identify gaps in knowledge 3. To make recommendations concerning next steps and priority-setting for both programme action and research
This statement advocates for skilled care during pregnancy, childbirth and the immediate postnatal period. The statement defines clearly who is a skilled attendant, what skills she/he should have and how she/he should be trained and supported
"This document attempts to describe the relationship between prosthetics and orthotics services and community-based rehabilitation activities. It shows how the services offered by central/specialized, provincial and district institutions and the community can work together to provide a comprehensive prosthetics and orthotics service across the country. It should be noted that no definitive model of community based rehabilitation in prosthetics and orthotics is available; each country requires to develop its own system according to its needs and the resources available"
A large number of people are exposed to extreme stressors that are a risk factor for mental health and social problems. This report describes principles and strategies that can be applied in resource poor settings where there are people who have been exposed to extreme stressors, such as refugees, internally displaced persons, disaster survivors and populations exposed to terrorism, genocide or war
This consultation followed up the work of a WHO study group on diet, nutrition and prevention of non-communicable diseases, which met in 1989 to make recommendations regarding the prevention of chronic diseases and the reduction of their impact. The consultation recognised that the growing epidemic of chronic disease, afflicting both developed and developing countries, relates to dietary and lifestyle changes. This document reviews the considerable scientific progress that has been made in different chronic non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and some types of cancer
This report presents updated information useful for the formulation of a child and adolescent mental health care plan. The plan is based on the magnitude of the burden of child and adolescent mental disorders; advances made in treatment and diagnosis; barriers to treatment; and trends in care for children and adolescents with mental disorders
Chronic diseases and socio-environmental conditions are today's leading health problems. Rapidly changing diseases patterns are linked to changing lifestyles, which include diets rich in sugar, widespread use of tobacco and increased consumption of alcohol. In addition to socio-environmental conditions, oral health is highly related to the mentioned lifestyle factors which are common risks to most chronic diseases. Oral diseases qualify as major public health problems due to their high prevalence and incidence. As for all diseases the highest burden of oral diseases is on the disadvantaged and socially marginalised populations. Traditional treatment is extrememly costly and not feasible or possible to most low-income and middle-income countries. The WHO Global Strategy for the prevention and control of non-commincable diseases and the common risk factor approach is a new strategy to managing prevention and control of oral diseases. This document outlines the current oral health situation at the global level and the strategies and approaches for better oral health in the 21st century
Study commissioned to develop a set of indicators on children's environmental health with the purpose of providing a basis for assessing environmental risks to children's health; acting as a basis for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of national and international initiatives; and providing a template for developing other indicators according to need. This summary provides an introduction to the indicators, outlines the principles and concepts behind the choice, presents simplified models of each issue highlighting the factors of key concern, and lists the core indicators that should be developed in each case
This document draws attention to the impact that feeding practices have on the nutrition and survival of infants and young children. It emphasizes the crucial role that appropriate feeding practices (such as breastfeeding) play in achieving optimal health outcomes. The strategy paper is a guide for action. It identifies interventions with a proven positive impact, emphasizing the importance of providing mothers and families the support they need to carry out their crucial roles, and it explicitly defines the obligations and responsibilities in this regard of governments, international organisations and other concerned parties
This study on how disabled people experience community-based rehabilitation, based on the experience of the users themselves, is a useful resource for CBR managers and policy makers
This study on how disabled people experience community -based rehabilitation (CBR), based on the experience of the users themselves, is a useful resource for CBR managers and policy makers
This report raises the awareness of the potential to address the root causes of violence in society. It provides an analysis of the the factors that lead to violence, and the possible responses of different sectors in society. A key requirement ot tackle violence in society is to base any prevention activities on research and best evidence. Any intervention needs to be collaborative, involving a wide range of professional expertise from medicine, psychology, criminology, education and economics
This report is the result of a global consultation on the principles of proper complementary feeding. It recognises that maternal malnutrition, inappropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices represent major risks to the health and development of those children who survive. There has been significant progress in the implementation of interventions to improve breastfeeding practices. However, similar progress has not been made in the area of complementary feeding. The document discusses important issues relating to foods and feeding as well as the intricate links between maternal nutrition and appropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices
This report discusses the role of medical research in child health improvement, highlighting how new knowledge has lead to action and action, in turn, to research. Research findings have contributed to reduce child morbidity and mortality by leading to significant achievements in diarrhoea management, breastfeeding promotion, prevention of mother-to-child transmission and remedying vitamin A deficiency. However, research and information systems need now to address four crucial causes of child poor health: low birth weight, nutrition, environmental factors and poverty. Research findings about these crucial risk factors should inform public health programmes and help identify feasible goals. The report calls for more investments to broaden the research capacity of resource-constrained countries to ensure health policies are responsive to local needs
This is a systematic review about the optimal length of exclusive breastfeeding. It discusses the debate between the known protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against infectious morbidity and the (theoretical) insufficiency of breast milk alone to satisfy the infant’s energy and micronutrient requirements beyond 4 months of age. The debate centres around whether to recommend exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months or for 'about 6 months'
'Health sector workers respond to inadequate salaries and working conditions by developing various individual ‘‘coping strategies’’ - some, but not all, of which are of a predatory nature. The paper reviews what is known about these practices and their potential consequences (competition for time, brain drain and conflicts of interest)....[It] argues that...Governments will need to recognize the dimension of the phenomenon and systematically assess the consequences of policy initiatives on the situation and behaviour of the individuals that make up their workforce'
This conference report includes recommendations for government action using a rights-based approach. It covers a range of care issues including a holistic approach to access; legislation and funding; medical rehabilitation; support service; and awareness raising