Mother to child transmission is by far the largest source of HIV infection in children below the age of 15. Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programmes have been implemented nationally in South Africa since 2000. This report presents the results of research conducted at a pilot site in the Eastern Cape into the use of resources associated with the implementation of a PMTCT programme. It is part of a larger research project that seeks to examine and compare the costs of providing nevirapine and AZT in both urban and rural contexts. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the national programme of monitoring and evaluating the costs and effectiveness of PMTCT interventions in South Africa
This article describes the use of teleophthalmology, a form of telemedicine, as a mode of technology transfer between the United Kingdom and South Africa. Researchers found the technology transfer project to be cost-effective in reducing the burden of eye disease, and that practitioners in South Africa also learned novel procedures that could help future patients and improve cost-effectiveness
This field-tested toolkit has been designed to measure the extent to which programmes make a difference. The 2003 edition of Toolkits has been extended with contributions from SCF and beyond. It describes participatory methodologies, such as mapping and focus groups. It is divided into three sections: underlying principles, practical questions and tools. This new edition brings these up to date and discusses the implications of adopting a human rights approach to development and the increased emphasis on partnership. There are new chapters on impact assessment, monitoring and evaluating advocacy, as well as two new tools - one for improving planning, evaluation, and impact assessment and one for stakeholder analysis
This study analyses the role of public policy and regulation on the availability and cost of Internet access. Countries requiring formal ISP applications and other regulations have higher Internet cost and lesser access. The author has developed a tool for analyzing the level and impact of regulation
FAO, DFID and ODI undertook a study in 2001/2 to analyse the role of information in livelihoods, and make recommendations on how agencies can capitalise on and integrate the best elements of traditional communication methods and new information and communication (ICT) technologies within the livelihoods approach. This publication provides the results of the initial literature review, comprised of a 30 page paper followed by 20 pages of heavily annotated references. The key conclusions were that information and communications systems are most likely to improve livelihoods in rural areas if they: share costs appropriately; ensure equitable access to all; contain a high proportion of local or appropriately localised content; build on existing systems; build capacity; use realistic technologies; and build knowledge partnerships
Documents MSF's experience of purchasing anti-retroviral drugs in ten low and middle income countries. The report looks at ARV selection, pricing and procurement issues. It highlights five issues: sources (quality), registration, prices, patents, and the continous availability of medicines
This is a report on the impact of the 1900-1991 Gulf War on the Iraqi population. An estimated 205,000 Iraqis died in 1991, and an excess of 47,000 deaths among children under five were reported from January to August 1991. The consequences of armed conflicts are generally felt for decades, as the natural environment and essential infrastructure (including health services) are damaged or destroyed. Iraq's infrastructure was extensively damaged, and biological and chemical pollutants were widely dispersed. Sanctions, the Oil-for-Food Programme, and No-Fly Zones undermined recovery and reconstruction efforts in the aftermath of the war
Analyses health sector issues in the developing world including: avoidable mortality, prioritisation of interventions, overcoming constraints of scaling up, and cost of scaling up interventions. Specific health issues addressed include maternal and perinatal mortality, childhood illness, malnutrition, malaria, TB, smoking, and hiv/aids. Includes statistics and graphs, diagrams and tables to illustrate points
This technical note aims to help policy makers create and maintain accessible environment for people with disabilities. Inclusive transport is key in a strategy of mainstreaming the about 400 million people with disabilities in developing countries. This document sets out the guiding principles that should inform planning decisions, analyses the policy context and the decision-making process and addresses issues of public awareness, evaluation criteria for performance and costs of improvement
This extensive resource guide and handbook is designed to help development professionals, programme planners, trainers, policy makers and child advocates to develop integrated approaches to working with young children living in poverty. It is organised into seven sections: the basics of early childhood development; needs assessment; setting project goals and objectives; choosing an appropriate approach; creating the infrastructure to deliver services; evaluation; and costs and financing.
This manual is part four of the World Bank's nutrition toolkit. It aims to help with the design and supervision of effective and feasible nutrition projects and project components and to carry out comprehensive analysis of sectoral and policy issues affecting food consumption and nutrition
This report documents an initiative that, through its methods and focus, aimed to provide a realistic starting point to understanding the impact of information on development. It consisted of a electronic conference, followed by a workshop through which ideas about information and evaluation were shared and built upon. The report weaves together the input of dozens of information users and providers, policymakers, information scientists, and others from the South and the North, and presents a preliminary assessment framework as a starting point to future work in this area