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Access to medicines in under-served markets : what are the implications of changes in intellectual property rights, trade and drug registration policy?

DFID HEALTH SYSTEMS RESOURCE CENTRE (HSRC)
September 2004

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This overview draws on seven studies commissioned by the UK's Department for International Development. After providing some background, it considers the implications of stronger intellectual property protection for access to medicines; the prospects for supply in emerging and under-served markets; and makes recommendations for increasing access

Use of information to address TB/HIV in Cambodia: workshop proceedings from Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Phnom Penh, and Sihanoukville

BONNET, Jayaseeli
PHAT, So
SEAK, Kunrath
June 2004

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Cambodia is one of the countries most severely affected by TB and HIV. Partners in Health Reformplus (PHRplus) is providing technical support to government pilot interventions, developing an information component to support HIV/TB activities. It is standardizing the information being collected across all sites and facilitating its use by implementing partners in order to increase case detection and strengthen case management of TB/HIV co-morbidity. In January - March 2004, PHRplus conducted workshops with the four sites to review information and data it had collected, to identify current pilot accomplishments and to recommend how work could be improved. This report presents the workshop findings

TB/HIV : a clinical manual

HARRIS, Anthony D
MAHER, Dermot
2004

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Developments since 1996, particularly in the TB/HIV field, have prompted a second edition of this popular manual which provides a pocket-sized guide to the clinical management of TB, particularly in patients suffering from co-infection with HIV. Designed for use by busy clinicians, the manual aims to promote the best possible diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries where the prevalence of TB and HIV infection is high, case loads are heavy, and laboratory support may be limited. With these needs in mind, the manual combines the latest scientific knowledge about TB and HIV with authoritative advice based on extensive field experience in several of the hardest hit countries. Throughout the manual, tables, flow charts, lists of do's and don'ts, questions and answers, and numerous practical tips are used to facilitate quick reference and correct decisions. Information ranges from advice on how to distinguish TB from other HIV-related pulmonary diseases to the simple reminder that in sub-Saharan Africa, anyone with TB is in a high risk group for HIV. Though primarily addressed to clinicians working at district hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa, the manual is also suitable for use in areas of Asia and South America where the problem of TB and HIV co-infection poses a growing clinical challenge

HIV/AIDS care and treatment : a clinical course for people caring for people living with HIV/AIDS [participant manual]

IMPLEMENTING AIDS PREVENTION AND CARE PROJECT (IMPACT)
2004

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The "HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Participant Guide" presents new knowledge and skills for delivering and organising clinical care and treatment services for people living with HIV/AIDS. The course is divided into 7 modules covering HIV prevention and care issues; managing patients with HIV related diseases; managing women and children with HIV; antiretroviral therapy; supporting people with HIV/AIDS; managing patients on antiretroviral treatment; and TB, women, children and post-exposure prophylaxis. A facilitator's guide accompanies this manual

HIV/AIDS care and treatment : a clinical course for people caring for people living with HIV/AIDS [facilitator's guide]

IMPLEMENTING AIDS PREVENTION AND CARE PROJECT (IMPACT)
2004

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The "HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Participant Guide" presents new knowledge and skills for delivering and organising clinical care and treatment services for people living with HIV/AIDS. The course is divided into 7 modules covering HIV prevention and care issues; managing poatients with HIV related diseases; managing women and children with HIV; antiretroviral therapy; supporting people with HIV/AIDS; managing patients on antiretroviral treatment; and TB, women, children and post-exposure prophylaxis. A participant manual accompanies this manual

Palliative care in Sub-Saharan Africa : an appraisal

HARDING, Richard
HIGGINSON, Irene
2004

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This report was written from the belief that palliative care is, and will be for the forseeable future, an essential component in the continuum of managing HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. There is now a wealth of experience in sub-Saharan Africa about the ways in which palliative care can be delivered both affordably and effectively. However, there remains a lack of properly documented evidence and research to demonstrate the importance of this work and promote its development. This report provides a review of existing evaluations of palliative care projects in sub-Saharan Africa with an emphasis on isolating the factors that lead to sustainability, local ownership and scaling up; the role of palliative care in the management of HIV/AIDS and how to integrate palliative care and Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART); primary health based care projects in two countries, Kenya and Malawi, that could provide lessons for the implementation of palliative care; lessons from other parallel programmes which mirror palliative care delivery, for example, tuberculosis programmes, and primary care programmes with good links to local clinics and hospitals, and community mobilization and empowerment projects linked to health facilities. In this way it contributes to the effort of providing an evidence base to demonstrate the importance of palliative care and provides a source of reference for policy makers, practitioners, donors and researchers

Interim policy on collaborative TB/HIV issues

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Stop TB Department and Department of HIV/AIDS
2004

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This policy responds to a demand from countries for immediate guidance on which collaborative TB/HIV activities to implement and under what circumstances. It is complementary to and in synergy with the established core activities of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS prevention and control programmes. Implementing the DOTS strategy is the core activity for tuberculosis control. Similarly, infection and disease prevention and health promotion activities and the provision of treatment and care form the basis for HIV/AIDS control. This policy does not call for the institution of a new specialist or independent disease control programme. It rather promotes enhanced collaboration between tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS programmes in the provision of a continuum of quality care at service-delivery level for people with, or at risk of tuberculosis and people living with HIV/AIDS

Handbook on paediatric AIDS in Africa

TINDYEBWA, Denis
et al
2004

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This handbook intends to provide users in resource-poor countries with a tool that can be adapted to their needs. It follows the four principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and aims to provide a simple, accessible and practical handbook for health workers involved in preventing infection and caring for children infected and affected by HIV. It includes substantial chapters on caring for HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children, infants and orphans; diagnosis and the clinical stages of HIV infection; clinical conditions associated with HIV (diarrhoea, malnutrition, neurological manifestations, skin manifestations and more); pulmonary conditions; anti-retroviral therapy for children; youth issues, long-term and terminal care planning; psychosocial support. The primary targets are medical students and their lecturers, nurses, clinicians, community health workers and other service providers in resource poor settings where there is a significant HIV and AIDS burden

Using knowledge management to make health systems work

BAILEY, Christopher
December 2003

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The discipline of knowledge management aims to bridge the gap between information availability and its communication in areas where the it is needed most. This editorial looks at two programmes that demonstrate how knowledge management can work

A framework for conceptualising and reviewing vulnerability to malaria, TB and HIV

TOLHURST, R
THEOBALD, S
June 2003

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This policy brief aims to define vulnerability in the context of infectious disease and provide a framework for analysis. The framework can be used to identify factors that influence vulnerability to infectious disease, including vulnerability to exposure, infection, progression to disease, progression to severe disease, and the effects of disease. The paper identifies strategic areas for further research, the implications for policy makers and future directions for research, interventions and policy

A challenge to make more effective use of scarce resources | Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine : annual report 2002-2003

LSTM
2003

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This page contain information on the Malaria Knowledge Programme at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. The page notes the work carried out by the VHA on developing a framework that can be used to identify cross-sectoral and multi-disciplinary approaches to vulnerability to malaria, TB and HIV. It shows that few resources are being put into developing appropriate, cheap and accurate tools for malaria diagnosis. Evidence shows that what is needed is effective district laboratory services. It also mentions the Gates Malaria Partnership, which has supported a radio project in the Gambia. It is called ‘Bolonghodala’ which means ‘By the Riverside’. It is a radio drama set in a fictional but typical rural village and combines stories about people’s lives with malaria prevention

Treating TB and HIV

OXLADE, Lisa
SPENCER, Lyhanna
Eds
2003

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This newsletter focuses on the challenges and treatment of tuberculosis in people who are also living with HIV

Use of a computerized tuberculosis register for automated generation of case finding, sputum conversion, and treatment outcome reports

VRANKEN, R
et al
February 2002

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The article describes the 'Electronic TB Register', a user-friendly, Epi-Info based software programme based on the WHO/IUATLD format of recording and reporting. Individual records from the TB registry are entered in a program that provides interactive support. Factors critical for success include a functioning, paper-based system, involvement of staff from the TB programme, health information systems, and health facilities, ongoing training, and backup support

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