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Containing antimicrobial resistance

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
April 2005

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a natural phenomenon that follows use of antimicrobial drugs but it is being accelerated by inappropriate antimicrobial use. This leaflet considers various methods that can be used to help contain antimicrobial resistance

Equitable access to essential medicines : a framework for collective action

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
March 2004

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Equitable and universal access to essential medicines is a vital aspect of any health strategy in resource-limited settings. This document provides a framework of action for policy makers, highlighting the key objectives of successful essential drugs programmes: rational selection and use of essential medicines; affordable prices; sustainable financing; reliable supply systems

The world medicines situation

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
2004

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The publication provides an accessible source of information on the pharmaceutical situation at global and national levels. It assembles the available evidence regarding the production and consumption of medicines, and a range of issues in national medicines policies, including the level of people's access, patterns of use, the challenges of medicines regulation and promoting rational use. Numerous different sources of data are used. A 32-page annex of statistics is included. The target readers are researchers, academics and analysts concerned with medicines and public health

Guidelines for price discounts of single-source pharmaceuticals

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy
et al
2003

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These guidelines are designed to maximise the benefit of price discounts arrangements for single-source products. They are intended for policy makers and technical staff in international and bilateral agencies active in international health development support, for pharmaeutical companies and for governments and NGOs in recipient countries. It highlights a number of issues that WHO feels need to be considered when planning or negotiating offers of price discounts

Drug and therapeutics committees : a practical guide

HOLLOWAY, Kathleen
GREEN, Terry
2003

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This guide provides guidance to doctors, pharmacists, hospital managers and other professionals who may be serving on Drug and Therapeutics Committees (DTCs) and/or who are concerned with how to improve the quality and cost efficiency of therapeutic care. It is relevant for all kinds of DTCs - whether in public or private hospitals and whether at district or tertiary referral level. This manual covers a committee's functions and structure, the medicines formulary process, and how to assess new medicines. The chapters on tools to investigate drug use and strategies to promote rational use are followed by a discussion of antimicrobial resistance and infection control. The publication concludes by explaining in detail how to start a committee or improve the effectiveness of an existing one

How to develop and implement a national drug policy

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
January 2003

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This leaflet outlines the steps to creating a national drugs policy. It sets out the key components, the selection process for essential medicines, affordability, financing options, supply systems, regulation and quality assurance, rational use, human resources development, and monitoring and evaluation

Implications of the Doha Declaration on theTRIPS Agreement and public health

CORREA, Carlos M
June 2002

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The Doha declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health affirmed that the TRIPS Agreement should be interpreted and implemented so as to protect public health and promote access to medicines for all. This paper provides an overview of the Declaration's antecedents, offers a general treatment of its provisions, provides guidance to WTO members in finding solutions to problems it poses, and discusses related issues that are not covered in the Declaration

The selection of essential medicines

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
June 2002

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Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population. This leaflet looks at the policy and relevance of the concept of essential medicines, how they can be selected, and how to implement a national list of essential medicines

Network for monitoring the impact of globalization and TRIPS on access to essential medicines

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy (EDM)
2002

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This report consists of a collection of documents presented at this meeting, which was held to develop a framework for monitoring the impact that globalisation and TRIPS are having on access to medicines. The framework was needed to answer four questions: how is patenting affecting drug pricing; how are patents and enhanced intellectual property rights affecting the development of generic drugs; are TRIPS and expanded intellectual property rights spurring the development of drugs for neglected diseases; and are the TRIPS and expanded intellectual property protections contributing to an increase or decrease in transfer of technology and foreign direct investment to developing countries

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