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Use of information to address TB/HIV in Cambodia: workshop proceedings from Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Phnom Penh, and Sihanoukville

BONNET, Jayaseeli
PHAT, So
SEAK, Kunrath
June 2004

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Cambodia is one of the countries most severely affected by TB and HIV. Partners in Health Reformplus (PHRplus) is providing technical support to government pilot interventions, developing an information component to support HIV/TB activities. It is standardizing the information being collected across all sites and facilitating its use by implementing partners in order to increase case detection and strengthen case management of TB/HIV co-morbidity. In January - March 2004, PHRplus conducted workshops with the four sites to review information and data it had collected, to identify current pilot accomplishments and to recommend how work could be improved. This report presents the workshop findings

Scaling up antiretroviral treatment in the public sector in Nigeria : a comprehensive analysis of resource requirements

KOMBE, Gilbert
GALATY, David
NWAGBARA, Chizoba
February 2004

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This report presents estimates of the total cost of providing comprehensive antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in the public sector in Nigeria, using the AIDSTREATCOST model to estimate the cost of providing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), voluntary counseling and testing, and opportunistic infection (OI) treatment, and other resource requirements for implementing the national antiretroviral treatment programme. Drugs are not the only major cost of an ARV programme, but they are the largest single component ($368, or 50 percent of the total annual programme cost per patient); monitoring tests account for 23 percent and labor costs for 22 percent of total programme costs. A large proportion of current treatment costs is borne by the patient -- $170 per year for monitoring and a further $86 for their contribution to ARV drugs. This is equivalent to almost 75 percent of per capita GDP and therefore well beyond the resources of most Nigerians. Patients also are expected to pay for VCT services ($11), and for OI treatment costs when these arise. The development of an effective ARV programme, therefore, must include support not only for ARV drugs but all aspects of patient cost. The report also examines financial and human resources requirements for achieving the World Health Organization-recommended targets and recommends a number of strategies for the government and development partners to consider regarding program expansion, human resources training and requirements, support for VCT, the high cost of monitoring tests, and drug cost

Accountability and health systems : overview, framework and strategies

BRINKERHOFF, Derick
January 2003

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This paper lays the groundwork for investigating accountability as it relates to health systems reform. It reviews and synthesises the literature on accountability, noting areas of convergence and of ongoing debate, and looks at an analytic framework for accountability and health service delivery systems, the role of health sector actors in accountability, and accountability-strengthening strategies

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