This document presents a comprehensive historical review of TB control, focusing in particular on the progress since Amsterdam, on global initiatives and international funding, and success stories. It also looks at the challenges for the near future, arguing for an expansion of DOTS coverage, better education, effective public-private partnership and greater involvement of NGOs and calling for a scaling up of realistic programmes designed to control, rather than eliminate as yet, the disease. This publication will be useful to programme managers, NGOs and policy makers working in the area of TB control. Including a range of case studies and success stories, it shows what works best and what priorities should be set in the short and medium term